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Phase diagrams are essentially maps that illustrate the conditions under which different phases (solid, liquid, gas) of a substance coexist at equilibrium. They serve as valuable tools for scientists and engineers across various fields, including chemistry, physics, materials science and chemical engineering, enabling prediction of the states of matter under different conditions of temperature and

Buckling is a sudden, uncontrollable failure phenomenon occurring in thin structures subjected to compressive stresses. For the material to fail in buckling, the compressive stresses do not have to reach the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This failure phenomenon can occur in different types of structural members like columns, beams,

When a structural beam is subjected to compressive loads, it can experience a sudden lateral deformation and loss of stiffness which is termed as buckling failure. This failure is produced by large deformation, but this doesn’t necessarily mean that there is material yielding or fracture. But buckling is still considered a failure mode, as there

As we know, finite element analysis (FEA) is a mathematical technique to solve physical and mechanical problems. This is achieved by dividing the computational domain into a finite set of partitions called elements and by calculating the solution at a finite set of locations called nodes. In this article, we will explore how to find